Apparatus for forming cast-metal wheels



C. K. WOO'DIN, G. E. KARL AND J. F. KG'LCZYNS-. APPARATUS EUR EORMING CAST METAL WHEELS. APPLiCATlON FILED FEB.14, 1919..

C. K. WODIN, G. E. KARL AND1. F. KOLCZYNSKI.

APPARATUS FOR FORMING CAST VMETALVVHEELS.y

APPUCATION ULEB FEB.14.1919.

Paented N ov. 15, 192%.

C. i4. WOODEN, G. E. KARL AND J. JJTIOLCZYIQKI. APPARATUS FUE FORMII'QG CAST METL WHEELS.

`APifLlcmmn FILED ma. 14. 191s.

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. 6.x. womN, G. E, KARL AND 1. F. KOLCZYNSKL APPARATUS FOR FORNHNG CAST METAL WHEELS. APPLncANoN man FEB. 14.1919.

` E Si?, 5S, 9 1 l Pia-muted NOV. 16, 1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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C. K. WOODIN, G. E. KARL AND J. F. KOLCZYNSK. `APPARATUS FOR FORMING CAST-METAL WHEELS. APPLlcATloN FILED res. 14. 1919.

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fnzfezz ons v comparatively Meer Wheels, specification, the principle of ready sTATEs Parent" oFFIcn.

C-`i' .253LES K. WGDIN, GEGRGE E. KARL, AND JOI-IN F. IIOLCZYNSI, 0F BEREA, @HTML ASSGNORS T0 THE DUNHAM COMPANY, OF BEREA., OHO, A CORPORATION OF OHI.

.APPARATUS FR FORMING CAST-METAL WHEELS.

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@riginal application led December 2G, 1918,

x Specification of Letters Patent.

Serial No. 268,38. Divided atcnted Nov. 16, 192%.

and this application ler ebl ruary 14, 1919. Serial No. 277,078.

To all whom t may concer/n.'

e it known that we, CHARLns K. "WoooIN,I

Geenen E. KARL, and JOHN E. citizens of Berea, county of Cuyahoga, `and State of hic, have invented .new 'and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Forming Castof which Ithe following is a the invention being herein explained and the best mode in which We have contemplated applyingA that principle, so as to distinguishit from other KoLczrNsnI,

inventions.

@ur invention relates'td apparatus im forming hollow cast metal. wheels havinr a rim, the outer portion of which ischil ed and the innerI portion of a softer nature,

whereby to forro. a strengtheningbacking for the chilled portion; and more particulai-ly in forming such Wheels for use in agri cultural implements adapted for pulverizing or mulshing the soil* Wheels of the above described character when intended for agricultural purposes depend for their eectiveness upon the concentration of the Weight of the machine upon hard lumps in order that such lumps may be out, broken and cracked so' that the iurther action of pieces may properly pulverize them. Furthermore, we have found that such effectiveness is enhanced by providing Vthe Wheel with a .sharp cutting edge and with a hard exterior smooth, surface that Will resist a tendency of the moist earth to stick thereto.

leretoiore agricultural wheels have been cast of ordinary gray iron but it was found that the desiree sharpness of the edge of the above mentioned annular apex portion could not be retained, by reason of the' character of the gray iron which, as is Well known, is

' soft and quickly Wears out. Furthermore, in the cast-ing operation it was `lound impractical to provide an intially sharp edge for the reason that these Wheels have ahvavs been cast in sand molds and,

as is Well known, a Well definedj sharp, thin structure diiiicult to obtain by these means. Furthermore, these gray iron Wheels have a rough exterior surface to Whichthe moisi earth adhered readily and thus impeded thfe movement of the implement over the the UnitedStates, residents of 4` of and the labor the Wheels in rolling, over 'the` pigment which is' usuallyl applied thereto after the manufacturing' 1sl complete and before shipping tothe user.

In addition, it has been found necessary to reduce the cost of the' production of these wheels, inasmuch as a soil pulverizer' i111 cludes 1n its structure a great number therein producing wheels othis character is nowa limiting factor in the production of soil pulverizers. Furthermore, the price at which soil pulverizers must be sold at the present time prohibits the improvenient of the Wheels by methods which would increase the cost.

To this `end We have provided a metal mold (preferably cast iron), upon the interior of Which is suitably supported, as will be hereinafter more fully explained, a porous sand core,lthe-I,nold and core together forming any interiori/atie into which the metal is poured to form' tlierequired Wheel. ris is Well known, certain kinds of molten mixtures of iron, cest into a metal mold and coming into contact with the metal, chills to formn what is known as White iron. Such chilling takes place in our improved process, but the sand core, being of markedly less conductivity, does not causethe iron which comes into contact With it to become chilled, with the result that We obtain a Wheel, the

. rim portion of which in particular has its outer or superficial structureof White iron and its inner structure of gray iron. The White iron, as is Well known, is ofv glass-like consistency and extremely brittle, having,l small resistance to flexure. The gray iron on the other hand is comparatively tough,

and embodies those characteristics necessary to glve the rim portion quired strength.

le have 'found that by utilizing a certain type of mold and limiting the time in which the -Wheels are permitted to remain in the mold 'to a predeterminedperiod, We have been able to control the amount .of chilling action' Which takes place so as to provide these comparatively thin structures with the regu d exterior *White iron structure and of the Wheel the lOG bling us to utilize the' advantageous characl teristi'es of suelr White iron exterior surface and to obtain the required sharp apex portion of the Wheel and to produce the entire Wheel at a comparatively low cost, While having the necessary characteristics of strength.

Reference is had to our copending application, Serial No. 268,386, which discloses and claims the Wheel and the method of making the same. 4

Among the ob`ects of our invention, theretore, is to provide an apparatus for torming hollen7 east metal Wheels having a rim portion, the outer face of which is chilled and the inner portion of which rim is unchilled and of a softer nature to act as a strengthen ing backing for the chilled face; further to provide an apparatus for accomplishing the maximum output of such wheels with a. minimum expenditure ot time, labor and expense; further to malte possible the manufacture of such a hollow cast metal Wheel of maximum simplicity and elliciency; iurther to make possible the production of a Wheel for agricultural purposes having a chilled outer tace with a sharp cutting edge and light in Weight Without sacrificing its strength; Jfurther to provide such apparatus that can be readily and quickly operated whereby to control the depth oi? chill and insure a good casting; and such. furtherl objects, advantages and capabilities as will later more fully appear. Y

Uur invention further resides in the combination, construction and arrangementof parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and while we have shown therein a preferred embodiment, We desire it to be understood that the same is susceptible of modification and change Without departing from the spirit ot our invention.

ln said annexed drawings:

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a mold utilized in carrying out our present invention.

Fig. 2 represents a top plan of such mold.

Fie. 3 represents the mold When-open and showing a casting therein just prior to its removal, the cope ofthe mold being shown in axial section.

Fig. Il represents a bottom plan of the cope of the mold taken upon theplane indicated by line lVMlV, in Fig. 1 and viewed as indicated by the upwardly extending arrows. l

Fig. 5 represents a top plan of the drag oi' the mold upon the. plane indicated by line V-V, Fig. l. and as indicated by 'the downwardly extending arrows.' Y

Fig. G represents a perspective oic the sp1-ue core.

Fig. 7 represents an axial section, upon an enlarged scale, of' the drag and copok of the mold closed and showing the position which it occupies just prior to the casting operation.

Fig. 8 represents upon an enlarged scale a fragmentary axial section of one ci the resultant pulverizer Wheels, such section being speciically designed to illustrate the structure of the rim portion thereof.

Fig. 9 represents a side elevation o-t a complete Wheel, and Fig. 10 a tront elevation thereof.

Fig. 11 represents an axial section ot a completed Wheel.

The illustrated form of mold comprises a cast iron drag 1 and a cast iron cope '2 which are pivotally connected by means ot a pin 3, 1. The outer end of the drag is provided with a lug l haring a conical recess 5 which receives the conical lower end ofa pin 7 .iiXed to a lug 8 projecting from the front of the outer swinging end ot the cope. rEhe unction ot this pin and recess is to permit the proper registration of the cope and drag and their retention in a lined position laterally during the casting operation, as will be readily understood.

Pivoted upon opposite sides, respectively, of the drag are t-WO latches 9 which are adapted to engage a lug 10 whereby the cope and drag may be locked together.

The drag is formed with the inner central recess 11, the middle portion 12 of which Vextends downwardly and pierces the lower surface of the drag. .This recess 11 determines the exterior surface :of one half oi the required Wheel. The complementary recess 13 in the cope determines the outer surface of the other half of the Wheel and an upwardly extending cylindrical and centrally located recess 14 is provided. The

form of the recesses 11 and 13 is such as will Y produce an outer surface of a vWheel such as villustrated in Figs. 9 to 11, inclusive.

For the purpose ot determining the inner surface of the Wheel, a tivo-part samL core 15, Fig. 7, is provided, the tivo parts being respectively provided with dowels 16 and recesses 17 in order to provide tor their' proper registration. The two parts of the core are lholloived so that when they are joined they form an recess or'chamber 18. The central part or" the lower core parts is provided with a gas duct 20. These bosses are made slightly tapered, as the recesses 12 and 14, whereby the core is centered. The diameters of these bosses 19 vare suoli that they vvill cause the core to assume a position in which its outer surfaces are removed frpm the -inner surface or the mold, as shown in said Fig. T and these inner surfaces areso designed that they will produce a rim portion ot the wheel which is ot maximum thickness at the lateral portions thereof and of minimum thickness near the interior gas receiving ievel ation.

incesti ieei. 1

. comprisesY in its structure aan ouspieceahie 'Vteel member or ineh is. generally' cylindrical in nose lower portion is tapered as :l the'rneincer 2l determines the upper the castin and contains the oyrecess le. ne side of the memi 2 is pi ided with a tapered recess 2li 'which recei the sprue core 25 having the taper d opening 26 and also lateral ducts e. e. :ending both ways from the central opening as shown in Fig. 6.

To the upper end oi the Ymember 21 is secured an upright 28 having an elongated slot through which extends a bolt 30. @this bolt passes through and is secured to a lever 3l to and torniing a part of the iframe and mold.I The bolt 30 is so arranged that it extends loosely through the slot 30 so that the member 2i may move'upwardly.

Pivotaily mounted upon the lever 31 is a VES ,latch Bel which is adapted to swing' lfree and engage the sprue core 25, whereby the latter is held in position duringr the poiuinp operrFhis lever 3l is furthermore offset, as slitvn in Fig'. 2, so as to avoid being;- in a position directly allowing' ready access to the latter. weight 3:3 is secured to the outer A end ot' the 3l which provides sutiicient resistance to the displacement otl the spruc core when the iatch 34 is in its locking position. to the standard or upright 33 .t to the pivot 32 is a stop i 'ardly, as shown. Fixed to the har il? to which may be applieda pipe 'for the purpose of 4forming a lever or handle adapted to lift the cope, utter described. The mold being in the l, it iseady for the :.r'v suitsele mixture position shown in casting operation. u that will produce, "hen chilled, a White iron, may be used. lie nave found that one mixture for this purpose comprises iron havingr 12.5% of silicon. .10% sulfur, .30% to .50%` of phosphorus and .50% to .80% of manganese. Tl `proportions may, of course, be varied. the amount oi chill to be obtained being'primai-ily determined by the proportion of silicon and manganese used.

This molten mixture; is now poured into the mold through the sprue core and flows i .pidly around in both directions and ills inc space-hetween the mold and the'core. ills soon as the mold is lled, the pipe is fior the formation of thev i us tapered portion its into a tiar oincai aperture 23 and the lower sur-,

pi Lited at 32 to an upright 33 fixed above the sp1-ue core, thusl cope 2 is a horizontally extendas will be hereinapex` portion, all of which, as was previously facture of that other shapes applied to the bar 3 7, the latches 9 are disengaged from the lugs l0 and the cope is lifted upwardly and swung over into the position shown in Fig. 3. This action automatically disengages the stop 34 from the sprue core and the momentum of the Weight. 35 carries the lever 5l backwardly until it' strikes the stop 36. This action disengages the -displaceable cope member 421 and removes it from the recess 23, as shown in said figure. rhe sprue core is now knocked oli, after which it will be seen that the casting` is free to be removed from the mold. This is done quickly.

This described operation results in the arrest of the chill which takes place as soon as the molten metal strikes the cold interior surface of the iron mold and a rim portion structure is obtained such as is illustrated in Fig. 8, in which the outer portion 38 of the metal is chillec and the inner` portion 39 consists of gray iron.

lt will be observed from this figure that the cross-section or" this rim' portion consists of two similar legs angularly related and having outer and inner outwardly converging surfaces forming an apex portion 40. Theselegs, as a result of the previously described design ot mold and core, are of a minimum thickness near the apex portion and of a maximum thickness at the lateral portion of,.these legs.' As a result of this form of section, the apex portion and the le;r portions of minimum thickness become substantially chilled throughout their entire structure and this chilled zone ydecreases in thickness laterally, as shown, until it reaches a minimum near the extreme lateral portions oi' the legs. Conversely, the gray iron portion 39 increases in thickness laterally. As a result, the gray iron is distributedin the most advantageous manner, inasmuch as the thickest portion oi such gray iron is located at that part of the structure which is subjected to the greatest amount of leizural stress. ln addition a smooth exterior surface is obtained and a sharp point. at the described, is desirable and contributes to the economical operation and functioning of the wheel.

1While We have illustrated and described our appa Iatus in -connection with the manuwheels adapted for use in agricultural implements, it is, of course. obvious and styles of wheels for other purposes may be made without departing; from the spirit of our'invention.

avin';V now described our invention, we claim l. An apparatus for casting hollowv metal Wheels, a permanent metal mold designed to lform the exterior surface of said Wheels, said. mold lhaving in its upper part a displaceable metal insert Whose lower face iorms part ol the mold surface, and a two part hollow core of markedly less heat conductivityv and of a size and shape to form with said permanent mold a comparatively thin space whereby to provide a rim hav-ing a chilled outer face and an unchilled inner strengthening backing.

2. ln apparatus for casting hollow metal wheels, a permanent metal mold for forming a chilled outer surface, and a two part hollow core of less heat conductivity than said mold and fitted in said mold to form therewith a comparatively thin space, and prevent the molten metal forming the inner portion of the wheel from chilling. V

3. ln apparatus oi the class described, a permanent mold comprising upper ant lower parts A,of material adapted to chill molten metal when poured thereagainst and'l of a shape to form the exterior surface of a desired casting, and a core of markedly less heat conductivity than said mold so arranged within said mold that when molten metal is poured into the mold the molten iron contacting the permanent mold surfaces will become chilled and very hard while that portion contacting the core will be unchilled and remain in a softer conditionto act as a strengthening backing for the chilled portion.

el. In apparatus of the class described, a permanent mold comprising upper and lower parts of material adapted to chill molten metal when poured thereagainst and of a shape to form the exterior surface of a' desired casting, and a core ot markedly less heat conductivity than said mold so arranged within said mold that when molten metal is poured in the mold the molten iron contacting the permanent mold surfaces will become chilled -and very hard while that portion contacting the core will be unchilled and remain in a softer condition to act as a strengthening backing tor the chilled portion, and a displaceable metal insert for forming part ot the mold surtacermounte in said upper part. A

5. ln apparatus ot-the class described, a permanent mold comprising upper and lower parts of material adapted to chill inolten metal when poured thereagainst and of a shape to torni the exterior' surface of a desired casting` and a eore of markedly less heat conductivity than said mold so arranged within .said mold that when molten Vmetal is poured in the mold the molten iron contacting the permanent mold surfaces will become. chilled and very hard while that portion contacting the core will be, unchilled and remain in a softer condition to -act as a `strengtllening backing tor the chilled portion, said upper and lower parts being hinged together, whereby the mold may be quickly opened and closed.

6. lh apparatus of the class described, a

upper and lower mold comprising an adapted to chill having interior faces 'molten metal4 when poured into Contact therewith, said upper and lowe parts being hinged together, and said upper part having a displaceable metal insert whose lower face is adapted 'to form part of; the molt said iuseit being yieldingly'held in position whereby strains and expansion set up within the mold will be automatically relieved. 7. Inapparatus of the class described, mold comprisingr an upper and lowerp having interior iaces adapted to chili the molten metal when poured into Contact therewith, said upper hinged together, and said up er part 'having a displaceable metal insert wliose lower 'ace is adapted to form, part of the mold, sa sert having an Opening therethrough adapt-- ed to receive a sprue core.

8. In apparatus of the class described, a mold comprising an upper and lower part having interior faces adapted te chillthe molten metal when poured into Contact therewith', said upper and lower parts being hinged together, said upper part having a displaceabe metal insert whose lower face is adapted to form part of the mold, said insert having an opening therethrough adapted to receive a sprue core, and means 'ier holding said sprue core in position while pouring;

9. In Vapparatus ot the class described a s rr (D 10. ln apparatus ot theclass described, a Er mold comprising an upper and lower part having` interior faces adapted to chill the molten metal 'when poured into Contact therewith, said upper and lower parts being hinged together, and said upper part haring a displaceable metal insert whose lower face is adapted tov form part of the mold, an arm pivotally connected with said upper part and carrying a weight adjacent its outer end` said arm having connection with said-insert to automatically displace the same from said upper lpart when opening said mold but to be loosely connected there with when said mold is closed.

ll. ln apparatus'of the class described, a mold comprising an upper and lower part haring interior faces adapted to chill the molten metal when poured into contact therewith, said upper and lower partshei fr hinged together, and said upper partharing and lower parts being L v:lat-eh pivotally carried by ,said altri and means to insert when the mold same from said adapted to be held against said sprue core by said weight when the mold is Closed.

12. in apparatus yof the class described, a mold comprising an upper and lower part having interior iace's adapted to vchill the molten metal when poured into Contact therewith` said upper and lower parts being,T hinged together7 and said upper part having,i a dispiaeeable metal insert whose lower face is adapted to form part of the mold, an arm pivotally connected with said upper part and carrying a weight adjacent its outer end, said arm having connection with said insert to automatically displace the upper part when opening said mold but to be loosely connected therewith when said mold is closed, a sprue core inserted through said displaceable insert, a latch pivotall)v carried by said arm and adapted to be held against said sprue core by said weight when the mold is closed, and a stop for limiting the outward movement or" said a rin when said mold is opened.

13. ln apparatus of the class described, a mold con prising an upper and lower part having' interior faces adapted to chill the molten metal when poured into Contact therewith.,` said nppel and ,lower parts being' hinged together, said upper part having a iflisplaceable metal insertwhose lower face is adapted to form part of the mold, and permit the displacement of said the amount of such displacement.

le. ln apparatus of the class described, a mold comprisingupper and lower parts forming the mold cavity and adapted to chill the molten iron when contactingr therewith` said parts being hinged together, a core o1u markedly less heat conduetivitiv than the material of said upper and lower parts and so arranged that when poured the molten metal contacting the upper and lower sprue core extending thi'ouglrsaid is opened but to limit parts will be Chilled and form wluw and that contadine the core will a gray iron state to act as a i strengthen the chilled portion. a v able metal insert for said upper pa a.

easiljy releasable means clam gether said parts when closed, an orally connected with the upper i' extendingthereacross. a weight on means on said arm for holding the sp core 1n place, means on lsaid arm for d:

placing said insert lwhen the mold is opel 'ed but loosely eonnef'ted therewith when mold is closed` and means for limiting pivotal movement oi said arm when the top part is swun; r back to open position.

lo. ln apparatus oi the class dese'ibed7 a permanent metal mol-:l for form' y chilled exterior .surfaces of a hollow ci anni. a core of inarkedl)y less heat Conductivity than said mold and positioned therein to 'form unchilled interior surfaces of .said hollow casting. the upper part ot said mold. harii p an opening: therethrough, adapted lo rece-ire a removable sprue core. 1G. ln apparatus ot' the class described, a permanent metal mold for form i led.

exterior surfaces of a hollow eas maL of markedly less heat coinluctivity than mold and positioned therein to torni ehilled interior surfaces ot said hollow e' ing. the upper part ot said mold openiner therethrough. adapted to r removable sprue eorev` a sprue core in opening;` and releasing means` lor holdii:l said sprue core in operative position.

1T. ln apparatus for casting hollow m tal wheels a permanent metal mold for `i'irini' a chilled outer sui-tare and a two part hf low ('ore of less heat eonduetivitjv than sail' mold.' and fitted in said mold to forni tht with a romparatively thin spare` and pre- 'vent the molten metal toi-mingr the inner portion of the wheel from chilling. the in l and core l us. this 95th da)7 of ,l'auua lfllf). 

